Hybrid system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hybrid system - Assignment Example The recommendations were also included and this is where the researcher attempted to offer some suggestions of providing an improved or well-designed hybrid system. Lastly, the conclusion provided a brief summary of what was covered in the research, and suggestion for further studies in determining the impact of hybrid systems to heat a home and also the challenges it poses in to vendors. Hybrid System Introduction Hybrid system is a modern innovative technology that combines test and measurements components from modular instrumental platforms. Hybrid systems arise when the continuous and discrete dynamics interact; this occurs especially when most high-tech systems where logic based components, fixed controllers and digital networks combine. Hybrid systems are becoming increasing common, but they are complex technologies; hence a need for the development of effective hybrid system models. This model will offer an analysis and assess the design of the system whereby logic based eleme nts and continuous system processes interact. For the last decades, the study of hybrid systems has increasingly become the major concerning aspects in field research. System developers have made significant efforts of combining tests and measurements from modular instruments platforms, but they face significant challenges. The major challenge is advancing and systematizing the knowledge about hybrid systems, which comes from such a large diverse fields. However, with increased computer technology, system developers or engineers have made significant efforts of producing a continuous and discreet system that are more economical. Purpose The purpose of hybrid system as a modern technology is that it combines with both furnace and heat pump to heat a home at fewer costs. The hybrid systems are more economical because they can heat pump, which can heat a home at low temperatures and for less cost; it is also economical because the furnace can heat home for fewer costs. Hybrid systems a re also used to model varied system such as physical systems, logic dynamic controller and also Internet congestion. Many consumers are familiar with the hybrid term, which combines electric and fuel in order to perform well; however, design developers have developed hybrid systems which reduce heating expenses during the winter season and they also keep home comfortable because they are economical. Discussions The research topics of hybrid systems have attracted the interest of many people including the mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers. One of the major arguments about this modern technology is that it is viewed as a dynamical system; hence, it should be considered as a hybrid system in case it deals with purely continuous or purely discrete invent system without ignoring significant phenomenon. Yang, Jiang and Cocquempot (2010, p. 45) argue that the term continuous and discrete are depending on the range of signals, but not with respect to time through which such signal are defined. However, this does not clearly define what hybrid system is all about; thus many theories have been implemented to elaborate on the issue of continuous and discrete systems. The hybrid system has posed a great challenge for many years until the recent when the combination of continuous and discreet was implemented to offer the clear meaning of hybrid systems.

Business Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Finance - Research Paper Example The Financial Review is where business performance is quantified in dollars The Financial Review has two major parts: Discussion and Analysis, and Audited Financial Statements. A third part might include information supplemental to the Financial Statements. In the Discussion and Analysis, management explains changes in operating results from year to year. This explanation is presented mainly in a narrative format, with charts and graphs highlighting the comparisons. The Operating results are numerically captured and presented in the Financial Statements. (http://www.terry.uga.edu/akefalas/courses/mirrors.htm 2005) The balance sheet represents the financial picture as it stood on one particular day, December 31, 19X9, as though the wheels of the company were momentarily at a standstill. Typical Manufacturing's balance sheet not only includes the most recent year, but also the previous year. This lets you compare how the company fared in its most recent years. The balance sheet is divided into two sides: on the left are shown assets; on the right are shown liabilities and shareholders' equity. Both sides are always in balance. ... Current liabilities Accounts payable $60,000 $57,000 Notes payable 51,000 61,000 Accrued expenses 30,000 36,000 Income taxes payable 17,000 15,000 Other liabilities 12,000 12,000 Total current liabilities $170,000 $181,000 Long-term liabilities Deferred income taxes $16,000 $9,000 12.5% Debentures payable 2010 130,000 130,000 Other long-term debt 0 6,000 Total libilities $316,000 $326,000 Shareholders Equity Preferred staock $5.83 cumulative,$100 par value authorized, issued and outstanding60,000 shares $6,000 $6,000 Common stock $5.00 par value,authorized 20,000,000 shares,19x9 issued 15,000,000 shares,19x8 14,500,000 shares 75,000 72,500 Additional paid-in capital 20,000 13,500 Retained earnings 249,000 219,600 Foreign currency translation adjustments 1,000 (1,000) Less: Treasury stock at cost (19x9-1,000; 19x8-1,000 shares) 5,000 5,000 Total shareholders' equity $346,000 $305,600 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $662,000 $631,600 Typical Manufacturing Company Inc. Consolidated Income Statement December 31,19X9 and 19X8 (dollars in thousands) 19X9 19X8 Net sales $765,000 $725,000 Cost of sales 535,000 517,000 Gross margin $230,000 $208,000 Operating expensesDepreciation and amortization 28,000 25,000 Selling, general and administrative expenses 96,804 109,500 Operating income $105,196 $73,500 Other income (expense) Dividends and interest income 5,250 9,500 Interest expense (16,250) (16,250) Income before income taxes and extraordinary loss $94,196 $66,750 Income taxes 41,446 26,250 Income before extraordinary loss $52,750 $40,500 Extraordinary item: Loss on early extinguishmentof debt (net of income tax benefit of $750)

Management - Class Reflection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management - Class Reflection - Research Paper Example The last and the most important area is the way to write a flawless dissertation in a cohesive way. The Course Content and Outcome This course has provided me in depth knowledge into the various aspects of research process, and also various forms of research. Evidently, the course gives adequate knowledge about the various aspects of research according to American Psychological Association. It also teaches how to do literature review, various aspects of grammar, and also how to develop a good dissertation. The very first thing I learnt is the use of action research. Contrary to my view that research is something different from doing things practically, the course made me learn how it is possible to ‘learn while doing’ through action research. Also, for the first time, I realized that action research is different from other forms of research in the fact that it turns the people involved into active researchers too. Te researchers do things, observe changes, make modificat ions, and try again until a solution is reached. As Greenwood (1999, pp. 85-87) points out, the research takes place in real life situations and the solutions too come out in real life situations; not in just theory as it often happens with other forms of research. Also, I gained the idea how important it is to have the principles of reflexive critique. As Mike (2007) states, the term ‘reflexive critique’ means to reflect on issues and processes and to make explicit the interpretations, biases, assumptions, and concerns upon which judgments are reached. This is important to do because truth is relative to the teller. This helps developing theoretical considerations from practical accounts. In addition are the factors like dialectical critique and collaborative resources. Thus, I learnt the fact that action research is very useful in such real life situations like a workplace to solve real life problems. As Rehm and Cebula (1996, pp. 1-3) point out, another vital point i s the use of the Search Conference tool which can be effectively utilized in various organizations. Two other research areas explained are qualitative research and quantitative research. Sukamolson (n.d) opines that while qualitative research is about counting and measuring things, producing averages and differences in numbers. Qualitative research stems from social science and hence, is more concerned about people’s knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and fears. In addition, the course made me understand how qualitative research is more useful in identifying a large number of hidden attitudes and values that will be missed in qualitative research. For example, while quantitative research will help in identifying a trend, qualitative research will be required to find the reason behind that trend (QSR International, 2011). In addition, the study gave an insight into various forms of data collection in qualitative research. They are focus groups, direct observation, and i n depth interviews. Some other methods used in qualitative research are diary methods, role play, simulations, and case studies. Also the course helped me understand how difficult it is to conduct an extensive qualitative research as it is more labor intensive than other forms of research. Some other problems as connected to qualitative research are lack of generalizability, possibility of research bias influencing the observation, and poor reproducibility of the

Conference and Banqueting Management Assignment

Conference and Banqueting Management - Assignment Example These include federal, education events, entertainment and cultural events. Events are also part of the marketing strategy and business purpose which involves trade exhibitions, fairs and promotions. In short, Event can be defined as the involvement and participation of the group of people to attend corporate goals and objectives A Conference is a formal meeting or forum where people meet and interact for several different reasons. The conferences have been a part of organizations all over the world for many years. Here the discussion is based on some common topic which every member present wants to discuss on. These conferences traditionally took place in the meeting rooms or board rooms of any organization. These conferences are also held in hotels and clubs. Today, with the advancement in technology, conferences have changed into video conferencing over the internet. The purpose of conferences changes with organization to organization and situation to situation. Today, many compan ies are still using the traditional means of conferencing and think that it is better than the video conferencing. This view also differs from company to company, like many organizations think that video conferencing is more effective and helpful for them. ... Conferences have direct relationship with tourism. This shows that the business world and conferences affect the tourism industry up to a great extent. Whenever the peak season of conferences is coming, the rate of tourism due to business also increases as conferencing required travelling of people from one country to another for the purpose of attending the conference. There are many different conference management systems available; many are helping for the traditional way of conferencing while others are helping in the modern way of conferencing like video conferencing. These systems make the conferences more effective and efficient and help in the reduction of many time consuming activities. View on Conference management D Munro’s Views According to the perspective of Mundro, traditional way of conferences was better. He thinks that face to face conferencing sitting together in a place was better than video conferencing. He thought that travelling was leisure and enjoyment for business people and it helped them in getting relieved and enjoying their work life. He thinks that the advancement of technology has affected the conference management and the value of conferencing (Mayer, Pesenhofer, and Rauber, 2006, pp. 359-366). The views of D Mundro are opposing the views of Tony Rogers, as Mundro thinks technology is not helping the conferences of the organizations but it is affecting the conference world (Miguel, 2007 pp. 51-57) Tony Roger’s Views According to the perspective of Tony Roger, new technology has enhanced and made the conference concept much better. As technology has advanced, conferences have changed into

Mac vs. PC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mac vs. PC - Essay Example Because of the two different models of manufacture, each type of computer, Macintosh and PC, has its strengths and weaknesses. Since Apple controls every level of the manufacture of Macs, one of the positives of the platform is that there is a high level of quality control. Also, since Apple designs the hardware to run their software exclusively, the Mac operating system is very stable. Because PC manufacturers are unsure what operating system (OS) their user will purchase, they are unable to design a system solely for a single OS. The result is that, whatever OS the user chooses for their PC, it will likely not be as stable as the Mac OS. Also, since PC manufacturers source their hardware from other suppliers whom they do not control, the level of quality is not always as high as a Mac. One of the drawbacks to Apple’s level of control is that they employ many proprietary technologies. These technologies often require the user to purchase specialty products from Apple in order to perform tasks that PCs can accomplish with generic products. One example of this situation is in the way Macs and PCs connect to external displays. PCs, because they are produced by so many different manufacturers, rely upon international standards for technologies. For external displays, PCs typically use HDMI connections. Apple, however, does not follow the international standards. In order for a Mac user to connect to an external display, he must purchase a special cable available only from Apple instead of a standard HDMI cable. The result is that the Mac user must spend more money to accomplish a task because the proprietary technology is more expensive than the standard technology. Another drawback to Apple’s approach is that the level of customizability of the Mac is generally much lower than that of a PC. A Macintosh computer typically comes from the factory with nearly maximum performance. Apple provides very little

Case Study Toyota crisis Essay Example for Free

Case Study Toyota crisis Essay Organizational Crisis negatively effect organization’s name and image, as well as adversely impact employee by instilling doubt, insecurity and distrust (Tahmicioglu, 2010). Employees are directly effected by the crisis, as they are the primary stakeholders (Obston, 2014) and brand ambassadors of the company. Thus, to ensure wellbeing of employees, especially in time of catastrophe, they should be well informed and fostered under the guidance of company’s leaders. Leaders at Toyota should take an immediate action; start with early internal crisis communication, take accountability and show their commitment to resolving the crisis. Male (2004) suggests, being proactive and transparent lessen doubt and distress among employees. It will be beneficial if a live talk is set up with the employees. Live podcast will personalize the message, and will allow employees to directly hear compassion and empathy in the leader’s voice. Establishing an active feedback loop is also very effective (Miller, 2014), an online forum on company’s intranet will be a great way to facilitate two-way dialogues between employees and executives. The forum will be pivotal in giving direct feedback to employees’ questions and concerns, and for consistently providing updated information. Along with starting communication, hotlines dedicated for crisis should be provided as part of employee assistance program; employees should be encouraged to actively use the services to get professional help they need for dealing with crisis. Lack of immediate dialogue leads to speculation (Miller, 2014), and when the magnitude of the crisis is as big as Toyota’s recall, consistent media scrutiny and amplification of negative news can further fuel anxiety and uncertainty among employees (Cole, 2011). Therefore, its imperative leaders eradicate uncertainty by giving timely crisis communication that precedes external news and provide continuing support to employees. An early two-way dialogue is a good start to lessen the chaos among distressed employees. However, in addition to continuing practice of honest internal communication, for the long run, leaders will need to establish processes specific to employees’ welfare to restore lost trust.  Organizational strategy needs to improve to rectify behaviors that effected employees’ welfare in past. Toyota’s work philosophy which Liker (2004) described as â€Å"The Toyota way,† was known for continuous improvement and people development; however, aggressive focus on rapid growth (Cole, 2011) resulted in detrimental practices, such as, reward system based on cost control versus quality control, poor training, declining working conditions and work overload (Sullivan, 2010; McNeill, 2013; Cole, 2011). These practices were not only damaging to employees trust, but also clearly violated psychological contract (Rousseau, 1995) of Toyota employees. To rebuild eroded trust caused by the violation of contract, leaders need to validate employees wellbeing is not compromised again. Gillespie and Dietz (2012) recommend implementing a strategy that will safeguard against future untrustworthy actions. This can be done by articulating and enacting a system instilled with high ethical standard, clearly communicated processes and better working conditions. Providing flexible working hours, manageable workload and regular training programs will prove leaders mean well; consistently incorporating employees voice will assure their role is imperative in recovery of company image. Lastly, proactively engaging in regular evaluation of processes will result in improved performance and ultimately recapturing the reputation. References: 1. Cole, R. E. (2011). What Really Happened to Toyota. MIT Sloan Management Review The New Business of Innovation. 2. Gillespie, N., Dietz, G. (2012). The recovery of trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair. Institute of Business Ethics: London. 3. John, S. (2010). A think Piece: How HR caused Toyota to Crash. Retrieved from http://www.ere.net 4. Liker, J. (2004). The Toyota way 14 Management Principles from the Worlds Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill 5. Male, B. (2010). How to handle a product recall. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com 6. McNeill, D. (2013). Cover-up: Toyota and Quality Control. The Asia Pacific Journal, Vol 11, Issue 36, No. 1, 7. Miller, J. (2014). 4 Tips to help leaders communicate during a crisis. Retrieve from http://smartblogs.com 8. Obston, A. (2014). 5 ways to communicate with employees during a crisis. Retrieved from http://www.ragan.com 9. Tahmicioglu, E. (2010). Surviving your company’s mistake. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com 10. Rousseau, D. (1995). The psychological contract: Violations and Modifications. The Organizational Behavior Reader. 8th ed.

The Negative Impacts Of Globalisation

The Negative Impacts Of Globalisation Pepperell reviews the inherent developments that characterize the process of globalisation and the implication that they have had on Algerians culture. In chapter one, he ascertains that globalisation has had significant impacts on the Algerian football and sport. Increasingly, the teams are expected to adhere to certain standards in order to attain global recognition. Thus their traditional values suffer detrimental effects as a result of erosion. The only limitation for this study pertains to its limited scope. Ngwainmbi, E. (2000), Africa in the Global Infosupermarket: Perspectives and Prospects. Journal of Black Studies, 30 (4), p 534-52 The author cites that technological advancements have adverse effects on the cultural and value systems of developing countries such as Africa. According to him, it has culminated in inequality as very few individuals can afford the technology and employ it for beneficial purposes. He recommends that respective governments are still faced with the challenge of educating the masses about the importance of technology and empowering them to have unlimited access to it. The study was considered important for the subject under review because of its useful insights regarding the impacts of technology on African culture. Barber, B.S. (1995), Jihad vs. McWorld, London: Random House The author describes globalisation as a process which produces a backlash. As a reaction to the supposed loss of their traditional values, lots of people from the third world retreat into religious fundamentalism. Barber was the first who puts Jihad and McWorld together. Herman, E. R. McChesney (1997), The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. New York: Continuum The authors put into focus the main agent of the spreading out of predominantly U.S values over the globe: The Media. For Herman McChesney, globalisation of media is predominantly related to capitalism and any expansion of a global culture destabilises the countrys ability to protect its Own culture, which is undermined by the wide-reaching wave of consumer culture. Rudra, N. (2002), Globalisation and the Decline of Welfare State in Less-Developed Countries, International Organization, Vol.56, p 411-445. Rudra explores the social and cultural issues in developing countries and underscores their relationship to globalisation. She maintains that Algeria for instance suffers the negative impacts of unemployment, low political power and lack of vital skills. She challenges political leaders to be more responsible about improving social welfare programs. By highlighting the relationship between social and cultural concerns and globalisation in Algeria, the study contributed immensely to the subject under review. Mander, J Goldsmith, E. (1996), The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Toward the Local, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books The authors have provided useful information regarding the negative impacts of globalisation on the cultural aspect of the society. By use of essays, they recommend that developing countries need to use local technologies in order to enhance sustainability. Various deductions that are related to this study contribute significantly to the review at hand. Bhargava, R. (2003), India in the face of globalisation, [Online]: http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-world/article_1006.jsp. Accessed on 05/08/2010 In his article, India in the face of globalisation, Rajeev Bhargava agrees to the only negative facets of globalisation and states that globalisation has to be combated, tamed or at least given a more human face. The focus was on globalisation in terms of how it affects both culture and trade in everydays world life. Schirato, T Webb, D. (2003), Understanding Globalisation, London: Sage The author dedicates an entire chapter to the exploration of the impacts of globalisation on culture within the developing world. From his point of view, third world economies that have blindly adopted international policies as opposed to domesticating them are likely to suffer devastating impacts as opposed to their counterparts. Speth, J. (2003), Worlds Apart: Globalisation and the Environment, USA: Island Press Speth asserts that globalisation has made the native societies to explore economic benefits of natural resources. This has culminated in environmental deterioration as a result of erosion of cultural values that were fundamental in environmental conservation. It is for this consideration that he study was considered imperative for the subject under review. Hefner, R.W. (1998), Market Cultures, Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalism, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. In discussions of cultural identity and Islam which is the religion of 99% of Algerian population, the author states that consumer culture has more often damaging effects on religion in terms of pleasure and hedonism. Marling, W. (2006), How America is Globalisation, Baltimore: J.H University Press The author ascertains the Americanization has had negative impacts on the local languages, education systems and eating habits of the natives societies. This has in return culminated in a change in local cultures as American values are adopted to address the needs of the native societies. The in depth exploration of these concerns influenced the adoption of this review for the current study. Schumpeter J. (1975), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy New York: Harper The author is the 1st one who famously labelled capitalism as a process of creative destruction. Although this worldwide expansion may help to boost economic, political and technological development, lots of people around the globe are worried about the impact that the capitalist phenomenon on the most precious characteristics of their cultural identity. Even though, globalisation can be considered as an extremely educational process by giving opportunities to gain new ideas and experiences, no destruction can be considered as creative. Cowen, T. (2002), Creative Destruction, How Globalisation is Changing the Worlds Cultures, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Reporting the work of Joseph Schumpeter (capitalism is a process of Creative Destruction.), the author uses a wide array of examples to underscore the different impacts of globalisation on world cultures. Essentially, he indicates that this has culminated in the development of a global culture and diversity has been compromised. He cites developing countries such as Algeria to have suffered the most because their cultural attributes are seldom incorporated in the world culture. It is for this reason that this study was considered imperative for this study. Hjavard, S. (2010), The globalisation of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread Of English and the Emergence of Medialects, [Online]: http://nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf, Accessed on 19/07/2010 Hjavard asserts that the English language (French for Algeria) has increasingly assumed an elevated position is global operations. The article affirms that the media has played an integral role in perpetuating this state of affirms. Notably, Algeria has not been exempted from this and a global language is employed in communication. This has had negative impacts on the languages of the natives that have been threatened by erosion. Skutnabb-Kangas, T Phillipson, R. (2001), Language ecology: Dominance, Minoritization, Linguicide and Linguistic Rights. Copenhagen: Marianne The authors speak of linguistic genocide and point accusing fingers at cultural globalisation. Among the principal perpetrators of this linguistic (and cultural) genocide are formal education and mass media, and behind them are economic and political actors on a macro-level. Instead of speaking of death, which signifies a natural and unavoidable process, the 2 authors use the term mass murder to point out the premeditated nature of the phenomenon. Muyale-Manenji, F. (2007), The Effects of Globalisation on the Culture of Africa in the Eyes of an African Woman, [Online]: http://wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/effglob.html Accessed on 19/07/2010 The article ascertains that in the modern time, culture has become increasingly dynamic as a result of globalisation. The Algerian experience has not been exceptional as cultural aspects such as music, language and mode of dressing among others are exposed to various changes on a daily basis. It is for this reason that the study was considered imperative for the subject under review. Lipton, M. (1977), Why Poor People Stay Poor, Urban Bias in World Development, London: Temple Smith The author indicates that the current state of developing economies can be contributed to a blind assumption of western modes of production. The erosion of critical values according to him has contributed to the current crisis. The impacts of globalisation have been implicated for this state of affairs. Pereira, W Seabrook, J. (1994), Global Parasites, Five Hundred Years of Western Culture, Bombay: Earthcare Books To begin with, the authors indicate that the current state of developing countries with regard to culture is worrying. This can be attributed to the globalisation trends that have compelled traditional communities to assume modern cultural values. This has led to assumption of western practices at the expense of the welfare of the locals. Western countries are labelled parasites by the authors because of the inherent lack of sustainability and injustice of the relationships they share with developing economies. Shiva, V. (1988), Staying Alive, Women Ecology and Development, London: Zed Books As a woman the author begins by underscoring the benefits of women on the environment. She indicates that women of developing countries used to interact in a sustainable manner with the environment before the introduction of globalisation. She blames globalisation for erosion of vital cultural beliefs, practices and taboos that were imperative in environmental protection. Huntington, P. (1993), The Clash of Civilization, Foreign Affairs, 72(3), p 22 In a journal article titled The Clash of Civilizations, which was later developed into a full book, the Harvard University Professor has produced one of the influencing later work on the concept that cultural identity will be the principal aspect that divides the world. He states: The fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. (1993, p 22) Huntington, P. (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Touchstone Huntington states that globalisation has had far reaching impacts on global populations. This is because most of its values and virtues conflict with the traditional value system. Specifically, cultural aspects of traditional populations in countries such as Algeria have suffered the most as they have been eroded. This information was considered important for the study at hand. Schaeffer, K. (2002), Understanding Globalisation, The Social Consequences of Political, Economic and Environmental Change, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield The author provides important information regarding the social consequences of globalisation. With regard to the cultural transformations, the author cites that the development of a global culture has enabled all countries to assume similar values and virtues that are fundamental for harmonic living. Native populations of Algeria according to the author can be able to interact effectively with the rest of the global populations. With an economy that is depended on the production of other countries, this is undoubtedly essential for effective functioning. Waters, M. (1995), Globalisation, London: Rutledge According to waters, one main impact that globalisation has had on the population of the developing countries such as Algeria is the migration of individuals to other parts of the globe in search for better standards of living. This is because of the adoption of new cultural ideals which have had both positive and negative impacts. Hjavard, S. (2010), The globalisation of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread Of English and the Emergence of Medialects, [Online]: http://nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf Accessed on 19/07/2010. This paper highlights the supremacy of English language over other languages. As English language has progressed toward paramountcy, the status of other languages such as French, Spanish, Arabic, German, Russian, etc., has changed. At the same time, lots of languages and dialects are actually in danger of disappearance. Some hundreds of languages are considered to be spoken by very few, elderly people if not virtually extinct. Rich, B. (1994), Mortgaging the Earth: The World Bank, Environmental Impoverishment and Crisis of Development, Boston: Beacon Press, The author indicates that current developments have increasingly undermined environmental sustainability. The underlying objectives of economic development have been questioned by the author on the premise that they essentially seek to benefit the north. The South on the other hand suffers devastating effects that stem from assumption of western cultural ideals. Dayan, D. (2001), The Peculiar Public of Television. Media, Culture and Society, 23 (6), pp 743-765. The author argues that the development of a common global culture was greatly contributed to by technology such as television. This enlaces free flow of information to different segments of the society. Since it has portrayed the western culture to be ideal, traditional culture in the South is threatened by complete erosion.